Hello learner, welcome to all of you guy's in the new concept finder's blog today blog topic is explanation of earthing and materials required for earthing installation.
One suggestion for you guys that read this blog completely and carefully for getting proper knowledge about the earthing.
I had already done complete research on this topic. And i am ensure that after complete read this blog post, You won't need to go anywhere.
What is Earthing:-
It is a process in which directly transfer the leakage current to the ground through the help of earth continuity conductor which is generally Made up of Galvanized iron.
In the earthing process, the earth continuity conductor is connected to the dead part of the electrical devices and second end connect to the earth pit.
According to India electricity rule, it is necessary to installed earthing system near the domestic and industrial uses. For proper safety to the human being from the stock.
Material required for the earthing system:-
1. Earth continuity conductor
2. Earthing electrodes
3. Earth lead / earthing joint
4. Salt and charcoal
Lets us discuss in brief:-
1. Earth continuity conductor:-
The conductor which is connected between the earth point to the dead part of the electrical devices. It is mostly used of galvanized iron of 14 SWG of the domestic installation. And for the 8 SWG is used for the service connection.
SWG is stand for "standard wire gauge" which is the way for to define the thickness of the conduct/wire. As the SWG number decrease then the thickness of the wire increase. Conclusion, SWG is inversely proportional to the thickness of the wire.
Copper strip also used for the earth continuity conductor because it's has also lower resistance which is required in the earthing system.
The resistance of the earth continuity conductor is very low. According to IEEE, the resistance of the earth conductor is less then 1 ohm.
2. Earth electrodes:-
The earth electrodes is last end of the earthing connection in which all the earth continuity conductor is connected by earth joints.
It is of metallic electrode which is Buried in the Earth for making low resistance as possible.
Most of the time, the earth electrodes are buried in the ground by 2.5 meter to 3 meters and it's also depends on which types of earthing it is.
For pipe earthing, metallic pipe is buried in the ground up to 3 to 5 meters.
For plate Earthing, metallic plate is vertically placed in the ground and buried in the ground up to 1.5 to 2 meters.
The resistance of the earthing point not only depends on the earth electrodes but also the soil conditions. For example wet soli has lower resistance as compared to dry soil.
| Electrode | Material | Dimension |
|---|---|---|
| Pipe | GI | 40 mm dia, |
| Plate | 1. GI | 60 cm x 60 cm x 6 mm thick |
| 2. COPPER | 60 cm x 60 cm x 3 mm thick | |
| Strip | 1. GI | 100 sq.mm. |
| 2. COPPER | 40 sq. mm. section | |
| Conductor | 1. GI | 6 SWG |
| 2. COPPER | 8 SEG |
3. Earthing lead / joint:-
The joint of earth conductor to the earth electrodes is through the help of the earth lead. It is used for stronger and longer connection between the electrodes and conductor.
This Stronger connection is required for the lower resistance as possible because in loose there present contact resistance which affects the overall the resistance of earth conductor high.
Suggestion post for you :-
4. Salt and charcoal:-
In upper paragraph, you must be study that the earth resistance depend upon two things:-
1. Earth electrode
2. Resistance of soil
By using metallic electrode, we are already lower the earth electrode and it's time to reduce the resistance of soil by using salt and charcoal.
Salt and charcoal used to maintain the moisture/wet conditions around the earth electrode to make low earth resistance. It is used in alternative layer to one another.
The purpose of salt used to carry the moisture from the soil and charcoal is used to maintain the moisture or wet conditions for longer time.
FAQ questions:-
What should be the size of earth conductor for any installation?
Ans - The cross-section of the earth conductor is defined as it should not be less the half of the thickest conductor used in the whole installation.
Which metal used for earthing?
Ans - mostly GI and Copper metal used for the earthing system.
Does earthing need water?
Ans - Earthing is made up of chemical and metallic components which creates its lower resistance thus for reducing earthing resistance it's is better option to fall water on it. Approximately,30 to 50 liters of water required twice every year.
Which size of wire is used for earthing?
Ans - Generally, copper wire is used for earthing of 3 to 14 SWG.
